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The ALICE is a pioneer multidisciplinary research project focused on studying how the socio-economic context impacts exposure and perceived exposure to air pollution in Portugal. This project brings together researchers from CESAM, GOVCOPP, and IEETA from University of Aveiro and from the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra.

A key concept in this research topic is Environmental Justice (EJ), which examines inequalities linked to air pollution and social determinants. To better understand how EJ has been addressed in the literature, the ALICE research team conducted a systematic-review analysing 99 articles to assess several aspects such as: conceptual framework, data sources, indicators, and statistical methods.

Results show that about half of studies were carried out in the United States of America and conducted over the last 5 years focusing on long-term impacts of air pollution. All studies evaluated EJ questions related to socio-economic status or race/ethnicity. IEETA researchers Sónia Gouveia, Ana Martins and Adriano Gomes analysed the statistical methodologies used. Most studies included some type of statistical analysis (80/99), and of these, the generalised linear models (39%) were most often employed, followed by simple descriptive statistics (26%).

You can find more detail of this research at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e44289.